广西国家重点保护野生植物物种多样性特征及其保护对策

Species Diversity Characteristics and Conservation Strategies of National Key Protected Wild Plants in Guangxi

关键词:  广西  国家重点保护植物  区系  存在问题  保护对策

Key words:  Guangxi  plants under state key protection  floristic  problem  protection countermeasures

摘要:

本文论述广西分布的国家重点保护野生植物的种类、地理分布、区系组成及特点，分析保护工作中存在的主要问题，并提出相应的保护对策。结果表明：《国家重点保护野生植物名录（广西部分）》共收录野生植物332种，其中苔藓植物1种，石松和蕨类植物44种，裸子植物31种，被子植物255种，真菌1种，共计69科125属332种。国家一级重点保护野生植物33种，国家二级重点保护野生植物299种，其中物种数量较多（≥9种）的前3个科分别是兰科Orchidaceae （84种）、豆科Fabaceae （32种）、山茶科Theaceae （31种），前3个属分别是石斛属Dendrobium（32种）、山茶属Camellia（30种）、红豆属Ormosia（26种）。中国特有属13个，中国特有种114个，其中广西特有种28个。地理分布统计结果表明，国家重点保护野生植物最多的3个市县行政单元分别是龙州县（86种）、那坡县（84种）和靖西市（75种），桂西南喀斯特山地区是广西生物多样性优先区域。从属级水平可以看出，本研究区的种子植物区系具有明显的热带、亚热带性质。广西国家重点保护野生植物资源具有种类数量多、科属组成丰富、具有重要价值的种类比例高、特有现象明显、生活型种类丰富、草本种类占优势等特点。研究结果可为广西国家重点保护野生植物的保护提供理论参考和指导，同时根据存在的问题，提出符合广西独特生态环境的保护对策和建议，以推动广西濒危植物的保护和生态建设工作的开展。

Abstract:

This study discusses the species, geographical distribution, floristic composition and characteristics of the national key protected plants in Guangxi, analyzes the main problems existing in their protection, and puts forward corresponding protection countermeasures.The results showed that a total of 332 species of wild plants were included in the list of national key protected wild plants in Guangxi, including 1 species of bryophyte, 44 species of lycopodium and fern, 31 species of gymnosperms, 255 species of angiosperms and 1 species of fungi, covering 332 species, 125 genera and 69 families.There are 33 species of wild plants under first-level state key protection and 299 species of wild plants under second-level state key protection.The top three families and genera with the largest number of species were Orchidaceae (84 species), Fabaceae (32 species), Theaceae (31 species), Dendrobium (32 species), Camellia (30 species), and Ormosia (26 species).There are 13 endemic genera, 114 endemic species in China, including 28 endemic species in Guangxi.The results of geographical distribution statistics showed that Longzhou County (86 species), Napo County (84 species) and Jingxi City (75 species) were the three administrative units with the largest number of wild plants under national key protection.The karst mountain area in southwest Guangxi is the priority area of biodiversity in Guangxi.At the subordinate level, it can be seen that the seed plant flora in this study area has obvious tropical and subtropical nature.Guangxi national key protected wild plant resources have a large number of species, rich family and genus composition, the proportion of species with important value is high, the phenomenon of endemic species is obvious, the life types are rich, and the herbaceous species are dominant.The results provided basic theoretical reference and guidance for the protection of Guangxi national key protected plants.And according to the existing problems, the countermeasures and suggestions for the protection for Guangxi's unique ecological environment and put forward, which are conducive to the development of the protection and ecological construction of endangered plants in Guangxi.