肢体康复机器人技术与发展趋势

Technology and Development Trends of Rehabilitation Robots for Limbs

关键词:  肢体康复机器人  脑卒中  运动障碍  认知障碍  人机交互

Key words:  rehabilitation robots for limbs  stroke  movement impairment  cognitive impairment  human-robot interaction

摘要:

脑卒中在医学上属于神经系统疾病，会导致人体肢体运动障碍和大脑认知障碍。近年来，智能肢体康复机器人在临床上得到广泛应用，其能为患者提供有效的重复性康复训练，帮助患者重塑受损神经，改善大脑认知能力，进而恢复肢体的运动功能。本文总结了国内外肢体康复机器人的研究现状，根据作用部位的不同分别阐述了肢体康复机器人在脑卒中患者康复训练中的临床应用成果。数据证明，肢体康复机器人相比传统康复治疗手段能达到更好的康复效果，能够有效节省人力物力，解决康复需求大、康复医师资源缺乏的问题。同时，本文从结构设计、运动意图识别和控制策略3个方面分析了康复机器人的关键技术，并且对其未来发展趋势进行展望。随着未来新型材料及人工智能技术的发展，肢体康复机器人将朝着轻量化、多功能化和智能化等方向发展，协助康复医师制定更规范的个性化训练方案。

Abstract:

Stroke is classified as a neurological disorder that can lead to physical movement impairments and cognitive impairments in the brain.In recent years,intelligent rehabilitation robots for limbs have been widely used in clinical practice.They can provide patients with effective and repetitive rehabilitation training and help to reshape damaged nerves and improve the cognitive function,thereby restoring the physical movement of limbs.This article summarizes the current research status on rehabilitation robots for limbs both domestically and internationally.It discusses the clinical applications of these robots in the rehabilitation training of stroke patients based on the different areas of action.Experimental data demonstrate that rehabilitation robots for limbs achieve better outcomes than conventional treatment methods,effectively saving labor and material resources and addressing issues such as the high demand for rehabilitation and the shortage of rehabilitation professionals.Meanwhile,the key technologies of rehabilitation robots are analyzed from three aspects: structural design,movement intention recognition,and control strategies.Furthermore,the future development trends of these robots are prospected.With the development of new materials and artificial intelligence,rehabilitation robots for limbs will evolve towards being lightweight,multifunctional,and intelligent,assisting rehabilitation professionals in developing more standardized and personalized training programs.