极小种群野生植物海伦兜兰的地理分布及生境调查

Investigation on the Geographical Distribution and Habitat of Wild Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations, Paphiopedilum helenae

关键词:  海伦兜兰  极小种群  地理分布  生境  资源调查

Key words:  Paphiopedilum helenae  extremely small populations  geographical distribution  habitat  resource investigations

摘要:

本研究通过查阅资料和实地调查，对海伦兜兰(Paphiopedilum helenae)的地理分布、野生环境进行系统研究。结果表明，海伦兜兰主要分布在广西西南地区的靖西市和龙州、那坡等县，位于东经105°59'-106°56'、北纬22°28'-22°58'区域内，垂直分布高度为430-878 m，分布范围非常狭窄。海伦兜兰生长于喀斯特岩溶地貌的山脊或陡峭山坡上部的岩壁石缝中，土壤稀少，较耐干旱。海伦兜兰分布区年均温为19.1-22.2℃，性喜温暖湿润的气候环境，不能忍受阳光直射，为喜阴植物。海伦兜兰所处群落植被保持良好，但居群内个体数量极少且罕见幼苗生长，5个居群共162株。海伦兜兰群落植物组成种类多样，不同居群植被种类相似度高。群落物种分布于28科38属，共45种。本研究基本掌握了海伦兜兰的地理分布和主要生态特征，为其引种栽培和种质资源的保护提供了科学依据，对极小种群野生植物海伦兜兰的有效保护具有重要意义。

Abstract:

In this study, the geographical distribution and wild environment of Paphiopedilum helenae were systematically studied through data access and field investigation.The results show that P.helenae is mainly distributed in Jingxi City, Longzhou, Napo Counties and other counties in the southwest of Guangxi.It is located in 105°59' -106°56' E and 22°28' to 22°58' N.The vertical distribution height is 430-878 m, and the distribution range is very narrow.P.helenae grows in the ridges of karst landforms or in the rock crevices on the upper part of steep slopes.The soil is scarce and more tolerant to drought.The annual average temperature in the distribution area of P.helenae is 19.1-22.2℃.It prefers a warm and humid climate and cannot tolerate direct sunlight, which is a shade-loving plant.The vegetation in the community of P.helenae is well maintained, but the number of individuals in the population is extremely small and the seedlings are very rare.Only 162 strains were found in 5 populations.The plant species of the P.helenae community are diverse, and the similarity of vegetation species in different populations is high.Community species are distributed in 28 families and 38 genera, with a total of 45 species.In this study, the geographical distribution and main ecological characteristics of P.helenae are basically mastered, which provide a scientific basis for its introduction and cultivation and the protection of germplasm resources.It is of great significance to effectively protect the wild plant of P.helenae in extremely small populations.