不同栽培措施对牛大力产量的影响

Effect of Different Cultivation Measures on the Yield of Millettia speciosa Champ.

关键词:  牛大力  栽培措施  密度  产量  种植年限

Key words:  Millettia speciosa Champ.  cultivation measures  density  yield  planting years

摘要:

为满足牛大力产业化发展的需求，提高牛大力的产量，本研究以牛大力营养杯苗为材料，研究不同种植地、整地方法、种植密度等栽培措施对牛大力产量的影响。结果表明：种植在广西桂林兴安、桂林全州两地的牛大力产量为60 000 kg/ha及以下，种植在广西钦州灵山、南宁上林、百色田林以及广东湛江的牛大力产量为60 000 kg/ha以上；3种整地方法中，单株平均产量最高的是全垦，为3.31 kg；种植密度为15 000株/ha时，药材产量最高；与对照组相比，4个不同基肥处理组产量都明显增加，其中生物有机肥(1 300 kg/ha)+复合肥(200 kg/ha)＞生物有机肥(1 500 kg/ha) ＞沼肥(1 200 kg/ha) ＞普通化肥(尿素75 kg/ha，磷酸二胺300 kg/ha，过磷酸钙225 kg/ha) ＞对照(不施肥)；随着种植年限的延长，牛大力的产量越高，品质越好，但种植成本也会增加。综合考量，牛大力最佳整地方式为全垦，最佳种植密度为15 000株/ha，种植地以北回归线以南的地区最佳，基肥以生物有机肥+复合肥最优，种植年限以4年最宜。

Abstract:

In order to meet the needs of the development trend of the industrialization of Millettia speciosa Champ.and improve the yield of M.speciosa Champ.,nutritional cup seedlings were used as materials to study the effects of cultivation measures such as planting land,land preparation method and planting density on the yield of M.speciosa Champ.. The results showed that the yield of M.speciosa Champ. was 60 000 kg/ha and below in Xing'an and Quanzhou of Guilin,Guangxi. And the yield of M.speciosa Champ. in Lingshan of Qinzhou,Shanglin of Nanning,Tianlin of Baise and Zhanjiang of Guangdong was more than 60 000 kg/ha.Among the three land preparation methods,the highest average yield per plant was 3.31 kg in full reclamation. When the planting density was 15 000 plants/ha,the yield of medicinal materials was the highest. Compared with the control group,the yields of four different base fertilizer treatment groups increased significantly,among which bio-organic fertilizer (1 300 kg/ha)+compound fertilizer (200 kg/ha)>bio-organic fertilizer (1 500 kg/ha)>biogas fertilizer (1 200 kg/ha)>common chemical fertilizer (urea 75 kg/ha,diamine phosphate 300 kg/ha,calcium superphosphate 225 kg/ha)>control (no fertilizer). With the extension of planting years,the higher the yield of M.speciosa Champ.,the better the quality,but the planting cost will also increase. Considering comprehensively,the best land preparation method for M.speciosa Champ.is full reclamation,the best planting density is 15 000 plants/ha,the best planting area is in the south of the Tropic of Cancer,the best base fertilizer is bio-organic fertilizer+compound fertilizer,and the most appropriate planting period is 4 years.