珍稀濒危植物迁地保护与园林应用——以南宁植物园为例

Ex Situ Conservation and Landscape Application of Rare and Endangered Plants-A Case of Nanning Botanical Garden

关键词:  珍稀濒危植物  迁地保护  园林应用  南宁植物园

Key words:  rare and endangered plants  ex situ conservation  garden application  Nanning Botanical Garden

摘要:

为加强南宁植物园珍稀濒危植物迁地保护及应用工作，通过实地调查和资料搜集，对南宁植物园珍稀濒危植物的种类、组成和多样性进行分析与评估，并对园林应用的可能性进行探索。结果表明，(1)南宁植物园共有珍稀濒危维管植物37科66属234种，均属于国家重点保护野生植物；其中属于《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》(CITES)的有5科17属134种；属于世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)濒危物种红色名录的有33科62属210种；属于极小种群的有10科13属32种；属于广西壮族自治区重点保护植物的有1种。(2)园林应用上可分为生长型(常绿乔木、落叶乔木、常绿灌木、多年生草本)、观赏型(观花、观叶、观形、观果、观茎和芳香植物)和生态型(喜阳、中性、耐阴)3种。(3)兰科(Orchidaceae)、苏铁科(Cycadaceae)和山茶科(Theaceae)种数最高，分别为126种、22种和12种。(4)南宁植物园中珍稀濒危植物花期集中在4-8月，果期集中在9-11月，能较好地应用于景观。总体而言，南宁植物园迁地保护植物偏向于裸子植物和受威胁植物种类。目前突出的问题是珍稀濒危植物数量仍较少，对区域性国家重点保护野生植物种质资源的搜集尚不全面，种类多样性仍有待提高。园中适应性较好和普通的种类达95.30%，在园林应用方面可进一步结合优势作出更为精细的管理。本研究为南宁植物园珍稀濒危植物迁地保护、后期回归与园林应用提供了科学基础和参考。

Abstract:

In order to strengthen the ex situ conservation and application of rare and endangered plants in Nanning Botanical Garden,through field investigation and data collection,the species,composition and diversity of rare and endangered plants in Nanning Botanical Garden were analyzed and evaluated,and the possibility of garden application was explored.The results showed that:(1) there were 234 species of rare and endangered vascular plants belonging to 66 genera and 37 families in Nanning Botanical Garden,all of which were national key protected wild plants.Among them,134 species of 17 genera in 5 families belonged to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).210 species belonging to 62 genera and 33 families were listed in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.There were 10 families,13 genera and 32 species belonging to extremely small populations.There was one species belonging to the key protected plants in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.(2) Landscape application could be divided into three types:growth type (evergreen trees,deciduous trees,evergreen shrubs,perennial herbs),ornamental type (flower,leaf,shape,fruit,stem and aromatic plants) and ecological type (sun,neutral,shade tolerant).(3) Orchidaceae,Cycadaceae and Theaceae had the highest proportion of species,with 126,22 and 12 species,respectively.(4) The flowering period of rare and endangered plants in Nanning Botanical Garden was concentrated from April to August,and the fruit period was concentrated from September to November,which could be well applied to the landscape.In general,the ex situ conservation of plants in Nanning Botanical Garden was biased to gymnosperms and threatened plant species.At present,the prominent problem is that the number of rare and endangered plants is still small,and the collection of regional national key protection wild plant germplasm resources is not comprehensive,so the species diversity still needs to be improved.Good adaptability and common species reach 95.30%,which can be further combined with the advantages to make more fine management in the garden application.This study provids a scientific basis and reference for the ex situ protection,later return and garden application of rare and endangered plants in Nanning Botanical Garden.