5种饲料对糙海参幼参生长和营养成分的影响

Effects of 5 Types of Feed on the Growth and Nutrient Composition of Juvenile Sea Cucumber Holothuria scabra

关键词:  糙海参  饲料  生长  体壁  营养成分

Key words:  Holothuria scabra  feed  growth  body wall  nutrient composition

摘要:

为探讨不同饲料间的营养搭配，优化热带海参配合饲料及提高糙海参(Holothuria scabra)人工养殖技术，本研究分析了5种饲料对糙海参幼参生长和营养成分的影响。试验采用虾料、螺旋藻粉、马尾藻粉、配合饲料和发酵饲料[由配合饲料、马尾藻粉、丁酸梭菌(Clostridium butyrate)、海洋红酵母(Rhodotorula benthica)和螺旋藻粉按一定比例混合发酵]分别投喂幼参[体质量为(1.06±0.20) g]，养殖周期40 d，最后测定幼参的体质量、特定生长率(SGR)及体壁营养成分。结果显示，40 d时配合饲料组幼参体质量、SGR最高，发酵饲料组次之，均显著高于其余饲料组(P＜0.05)。虾料组、配合饲料组幼参体壁粗蛋白含量显著高于马尾藻粉组、螺旋藻粉组(P＜0.05)，发酵饲料组与其余组间均无显著差异(P＞0.05)；配合饲料组、发酵饲料组和虾料组幼参含水率显著高于螺旋藻粉组、马尾藻粉组以及试验初始时幼参的含水率(P＜0.05)；马尾藻粉组幼参灰分含量显著高于对虾组、配合饲料组以及试验初始时幼参的灰分含量(P＜0.05)；虾料组幼参能值显著高于其余组(P＜0.05)，马尾藻粉组、螺旋藻粉组幼参能值显著低于其余组(P＜0.05)。在幼参总氨基酸(TAA)、必需氨基酸(EAA)、半必需氨基酸(SEAA)和呈味氨基酸(FAA)含量方面，配合饲料组、发酵饲料组和虾料组间均无显著差异(P＞0.05)，且显著高于马尾藻组和螺旋藻组(P<0.05)。综上所述，投喂配合饲料和发酵饲料的糙海参幼参生长效果最佳，可为糙海参幼参养殖管理以及其饲料研发提供数据支撑。

Abstract:

In order to explore the nutritional matching between different feeds,optimize the compound feed of tropical sea cucumber and improve the artificial breeding technology of Holothuria scabra,this study analyzed the effects of five feeds on the growth and nutrient composition of juvenile H.scabra.In this experiment,shrimp feed,Spirulina powder,Sargassum powder,compound feed and fermented feed (fermented by compound feed,Sargassum powder,Clostridium butyrate,Rhodotorula benthica and Spirulina powder in a certain proportion) were used to feed juvenile sea cucumbers [body weight (1.06±0.20) g],respectively.The breeding cycle was 40 d.Finally,the body weight,specific growth rate (SGR) and body wall nutrient composition of juvenile sea cucumbers were determined.The results showed that at 40 d,the body weight and SGR of the juveniles in the compound feed group was the highest,followed by the fermented feed group,which were significantly higher than those in the other feed groups (P<0.05).The crude protein content of body wall of the juveniles in shrimp feed group and compound feed group was significantly higher than that in Sargassum powder group and Spirulina powder group (P<0.05).There was no significant difference among the fermented feed group and the other groups (P>0.05).The moisture content of juvenile sea cucumber in compound feed group,fermented feed group and shrimp feed group was significantly higher than that in Spirulina powder group,Sargassum powder group and the moisture content of juvenile sea cucumber at the beginning of the experiment (P<0.05).The ash content of juvenile sea cucumber in the Sargassum powder group was significantly higher than that in the shrimp group,the compound feed group and the ash content of juvenile sea cucumber at the beginning of the experiment (P<0.05).The energy value of juveniles in the shrimp feed group was significantly higher than that in the other groups (P<0.05),and the energy value of juveniles in the Sargassum powder group and Spirulina powder group was significantly lower than that in the other groups (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the contents of Total Amino Acids (TAA),Essential Amino Acids (EAA),Semi-Essential Amino Acids (SEAA) and Flavor Amino Acids (FAA) among the compound feed group,the fermented feed group and the shrimp feed group (P>0.05),which were significantly higher than those in the Sargassum group and the Spirulina group (P<0.05).In summary,the growth effect of juvenile H.scabra fed with compound feed and fermented feed is the best,which can provide data support for the breeding management of juvenile H.scabra and its feed development.