天山北坡经济带城市生态环境质量评价——以五家渠市为例

Evaluation of Urban Ecological Environment Quality in the Tianshan North Slope Economic Belt: A Case Study of Wujiaqu City

关键词:  五家渠市  遥感生态指数  生态环境质量  地理探测器

Key words:  Wujiaqu City  remote sensing ecological index  ecological environment quality  geographic detector

摘要:

快速、全面、客观地监测区域内生态环境质量变化趋势和时空演变格局，对实现生态环境保护，促进经济社会可持续发展，以及加强生态文明建设具有重要意义。以Collection 2数据集中Landsat 5和Landsat 8的Level-2遥感影像为基础，利用主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis，PCA)法耦合绿度指标[归一化植被指数(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index，NDVI)]、湿度指标[湿度(Wet)]、干度指标[归一化建筑土壤指数(Normalized Differential Building-Soil Index，NDBSI)]和热度指标[地表温度(Land Surface Temperature，LST)]，构建遥感生态指数(Remote Sensing Ecology Index，RSEI)，评估1996年、2010年、2022年新疆维吾尔自治区五家渠市生态环境质量变化情况，并利用地理探测器分析影响生态环境质量的关键驱动因素。结果表明，自1996年以来，五家渠市的生态环境质量水平不断提高，2010年之后提高速度明显加快。总体上，近30年五家渠市的生态环境质量得到大幅度改善，生态环境质量等级为差和较差的区域面积占比从1996年的71.60%降至2022年的34.39%，这两类区域多集中在北部与古尔班通古特沙漠相邻的区域。相比于1996年和2010年，2022年五家渠市大部分区域的生态环境质量变化情况为改善或显著改善，而南部的城市建设用地区域的生态环境质量有一定程度的恶化，因此该区域应加强对生态环境保护的重视。五家渠市生态环境质量主要受NDBSI和LST共同影响，其次受NDVI和LST的共同影响。因此，为了有效保护五家渠市的生态环境，应该优化城市建设空间格局，合理控制建设用地比例，并通过加强人工园林建设和城市公园建设，增加绿化面积。

Abstract:

The rapid,comprehensive and objective monitoring of the change trend and spatial-temporal evolution pattern of ecological environment quality in the region is of great significance for realizing ecological environment protection,promoting sustainable economic and social development,and strengthening the construction of ecological civilization.Based on the Level-2 remote sensing images of Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 in Collection 2 dataset,the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to couple greenness index [Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) ],humidity index [ Humidity (Wet) ],dryness index [ Normalized Differential Building-Soil Index (NDBSI) ] and heat index [Land Surface Temperature (LST) ].The Remote Sensing Ecology Index (RSEI) was constructed to evaluate the changes of ecological environment quality in Wujiaqu City of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in 1996,2010 and 2022,and the key driving factors affecting ecological environment quality were analyzed by using geographic detector.The results show that since 1996,the level of ecological environment quality in Wujiaqu City has been continuously improved,and the speed of improvement has accelerated significantly after 2010.In general,the ecological environment quality of Wujiaqu City has been greatly improved in the past 30 years.The proportion of areas with fair and poor ecological environment quality has decreased from 71.60% in 1996 to 34.39% in 2022.These two types of areas are mostly concentrated in the northern region adjacent to the Gurbantunggut Desert.Compared with 1996 and 2010,the changes of ecological environment quality in most areas of Wujiaqu City in 2022 were improved and significantly improved,while the ecological environment quality of urban construction land area in the south had a certain degree of deterioration,so this area should pay more attention to ecological environment protection.The ecological environment quality of Wujiaqu City is mainly affected by NDBSI and LST,followed by NDVI and LST.Therefore,in order to effectively protect the ecological environment of Wujiaqu City,the spatial pattern of urban construction should be optimized,the proportion of construction land should be reasonably controlled,and the green area should be increased by strengthening the construction of artificial gardens and urban parks.