广西掩罩渔船南海外海捕捞产量评估与结构分析

Catch Assessment and Structure Analysis of Guangxi Falling Net Fishery in the Open Sea of the South China Sea

关键词:  南海外海  掩罩渔业  捕捞产量  结构分析

Key words:  open South China Sea  falling net fishery  catches  analysis on structure

摘要:

掌握广西掩罩渔船在南海(South China Sea,SCS)外海的生产分布、捕捞产量及结构，对做好南海外海捕捞生产规划和管理具有重要的意义。将南海外海划分为北部湾湾口外海域、西沙-中沙海域、南海南部海域3个区域，利用北斗星通渔船船位监控系统记录2020-2023年广西渔船在南海外海的作业位置，统计渔船捕捞努力量，并分析捕捞作业的分布和变动。结果表明，南海南部是广西掩罩渔船在南海外海的最主要作业区域；2-6月是渔船在南海外海的主要生产季节，其中3-4月是生产最集中的时段。根据采集的广西掩罩渔船在南海南部72个航次的渔获数据，估计2020-2023年广西掩罩渔船在南海南部各年的捕捞产量依次为10 355、13 021、12 098、22 947 t，年均产量为14 605 t。南海南部的渔获物中，鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)、圆鲹、鲣类、金枪鱼和马鲛鱼等5个种类合计产量占比为92.93%，其中，鸢乌贼占比最高，为77.17%。总渔获单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)年均值为5.769 kg/(kW·d)，其中，鸢乌贼CPUE年均值为4.447 kg/(kW·d)，远高于其他种类。当前南海南部重要经济鱼类资源可支持掩罩渔业的进一步发展。

Abstract:

It is of great significance to master the production distribution,fishing yield and structure of Guangxi falling net fishery in the South China Sea (SCS) for the planning and management of fishery in the open sea of the South China Sea.The open sea of the South China Sea is divided into three areas:the sea area outside the mouth of the Beibu Gulf,the Xisha-Zhongsha sea area,and the southern sea area of the South China Sea.The operation position of Guangxi falling net fishery in the open sea of the South China Sea from 2020 to 2023 was recorded by using the Beidou Xingtong fishing vessel position monitoring system.The fishing effort of fishing vessels was counted,and the distribution and variation of fishing operations were analyzed.The results showed that the southern part of the South China Sea was the most important area for Guangxi falling net fishery to operate in the open sea of the South China Sea.February to June was the main production season of fishing vessels in the open sea of the South China Sea,and March to April was the most concentrated period of fishing.According to the catch data of 72 voyages of Guangxi falling net fishery in the southern South China Sea,it was estimated that the annual catches of Guangxi falling net fishery in the southern South China Sea from 2020 to 2023 were 10 355 t,13 021 t,12 098 t and 22 947 t,respectively,with an average annual catch of about 14 605 t.Among the catches in the southern South China Sea,the total catches of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis, round scads,skipjack,tuna and Spanish mackerels accounted for 92.93%,of which Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis accounted for the highest proportion (77.17%).The annual average Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) of the total catch was 5.769 kg/(kW·d),and the annual average CPUE of S.oualaniensis was 4.447 kg/(kW·d),which was much higher than that of other species.The current important economic fish resources in the southern South China Sea can support the further development of the falling net fishery.