植物凝集素的生物学功能与应用

The Biological Function and Application of Plant Lectins

关键词:  凝集素  植物凝集素  生物学功能  应用  展望

Key words:  lectin  phytolectin  biological function  application  future research

摘要:

凝集素是一种非酶非免疫来源、能特异性结合糖的蛋白或糖蛋白，广泛分布于动植物及真菌中，具有凝集细胞、抗病毒、抗细菌、抗真菌及寄生虫，以及影响精卵识别和诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡或自噬等生理功能。在物种抗击外来伤害、免疫反应、信号转导等诸多生物过程中发挥重要作用。在所有凝集素中，植物凝集素分布最广，种类最多，功能多样。本文介绍了植物凝集素的研究背景，主要生物学功能及其在医学、分析测试方法和农业领域的应用，并在此基础上展望植物凝集素在医学、农业和生化领域的研究方向。

Abstract:

Lectin is a non-enzymatic and non-immune source,a protein or glycoprotein that specifically binds to sugars.It is widely distributed in animals,plants and fungi.And it has the physiological functions of agglutinating cells,antivirus,anti-bacterial fungi and parasites,as well as affecting the identification and inducing apoptosis or autophagy of tumor cells.Lectin plays an important role in the fight against foreign harm,immune response,signal transduction and many other biological processes.Among all lectins,plant lectins have the widest distribution,the largest variety,and various functions.This review introduces the research background,main biological functions of plant lectins.And it also shows the application of lectins in medicine,analytical testing methods and agriculture.Based on this,the future research directions of plant lectins in the fields of medicine,agriculture and biochemical research are prospected.