植物激素调控腋生分生组织发育的研究进展

Research Progress of Plant Hormones Regulating Axillary Meristems Development

关键词:  植物分枝  腋生分生组织  植物激素  形成与发育  环境信号

Key words:  plant branching  axillary meristems  plant hormones  formation and development  environmental signals

摘要:

植物分枝的生长是植物发育的一个标志性生长特征，不仅影响着植物株型的多样化，而且也影响着植物的生产力。植物分枝是由腋生分生组织（Axillary Meristems，AMs）实现的，腋生分生组织分布在每个叶基的腋部，并发育成分枝。因此，腋生分生组织发育分化规律的研究，不仅是植物生长发育的基础问题，而且对植物的实践生产也具有重要的指导意义。近年来，随着植物激素合成、信号途径等突变体被分离、鉴定以及相应基因被克隆，人们在植物激素调控腋生分生组织发育方面有了深入的了解。本文对生长素、细胞分裂素、赤霉素和独角金内酯等植物激素在植物腋生分生组织形成与发育过程中的调控机制进行阐述，认为随着新的检测工具和分析技术的发展，未来应加强环境信号介导下植物激素互作对腋生分生组织发育的研究。

Abstract:

The growth of plant branches is a symbolic growth characteristic of plant development,which not only affects the diversification of plant architecture,but also affects the productivity of plants.Plant branching derives from axillary meristems (AMs),which distribute in the axils of each leaf base and develop into branches.Therefore,the study on the development and differentiation of axillary meristems is not only the basic problem of plant growth and development,but also has important guiding significance for the practical production of plants.In recent years,with the isolation and identification of many mutants and cloning genes involved in plant hormone synthesis and signaling pathways,people have gained a deeper understanding about the regulation of plant hormones on AMs' development.With the development of new detection tools and analytical techniques,further studies on AMs' development mediated by the interactions among plant hormones under environmental signals will be further strengthened in future.In this article,the regulatory mechanisms of plant hormones such as auxin,cytokinin,gibberellin and monocrotolactone in the formation and development of axillary meristems in plants were expounded.It was believed that with the development of new detection tools and analytical techniques,the research on the interaction of plant hormones mediated by environmental signals on the development of axillary meristems should be strengthened in the future.