一年两收金槐花不同时期的营养成分比较分析

Comparison and Analysis of Nutrient Compositions in Different Periods of Paraphlomis japonica Harvested Twice a Year

关键词:  一年两收  花芽分化  营养成分  芦丁  金槐

Key words:  harvest twice a year  flower bud differentiation  nutrients  rutin  Paraphlomis japonica

摘要:

为探讨一年两收金槐花不同时期叶片内营养物质的含量变化规律，以营养期、花芽期、花蕾期、盛花期和果期5个时期的一年两收金槐叶片为试材，对其干物质、粗纤维、粗脂肪、粗蛋白、钙和磷等含量进行测定分析。结果表明：干物质含量在第一季果期阶段含量最高（37.2%），第二季花蕾期含量最高；第一季和第二季花芽期至花蕾期的干物质含量都呈现上升趋势，说明该阶段需要消耗大量营养物质。第二季采收时各时期粗蛋白含量均低于第一季采收各时期，均在花芽期含量最高，其中第一季采收花芽期为5.99%，第二季花芽期为5.35%。第二季粗脂肪含量除了花芽和盛花期略高于第一季外，其他时期都低于第一季，第二季粗脂肪含量最高为盛花期（1.19%）。第二季采收时金槐在花芽-花蕾-盛花阶段粗纤维、灰分和钙含量明显高于第一季，第二季磷含量在营养期-花芽-花蕾阶段要低于第一季，但在盛花期到果期要显著高于第一季，其中第二季时磷含量最高为盛花期（0.126%）。第二季芦丁含量显著低于第一季，其中第二季花蕾时期芦丁含量为27.5%，但第一季花蕾时期芦丁含量却达到36.7%。因此，可在第一季采收结束及时补充磷肥，以促进二季金槐的花芽分化。

Abstract:

To investigate the variation of nutrient contents in leaves of different periods of Paraphlomis japonica harvested twice a year,two-harvest P.japonica leaves in a year in five periods of nutrition period,flower bud period,bud period,full bloom period and fruit period were used as test materials,its dry matter,crude fiber,crude fat,crude protein,Ca and P content was measured and analyzed. The results showed that the dry matter content in the first-fruit stage of the first season was the highest (37.2%).The content in bud stage was the highest in the second season. In the first and second seasons,the dry matter content showed an upward trend from the flower bud differentiation stage to the flower bud stage. It showed that a lot of nutrients were consumed from the flower bud differentiation stage to the flower bud stage. In each period of harvest in the second season,the crude protein content was lower than that of harvest in the first season,and the content was the highest in the flower bud stage. Among them,the crude protein content was 5.99% in the first season harvested flower bud stage and 5.35% in the second season flower bud stage. The crude fat content in other periods of the second season was lower than that of the first season,except for the flower bud and full bloom period which was slightly higher than that of the first season. The highest crude fat content in the second season was the full blooming period (1.19%). The crude fiber,ash and Ca content in the flower bud-bud-full blooming stage during harvesting in the second season was significantly higher than that in the first season,and the P content in the second season was lower than that in the first season during the nutrition period-flower bud-bud stage. The P content from the flower period to fruit period was significantly higher than that in the first season,and the highest P content in the full bloom period of the second season was 0.126%. In the determination of rutin content in the two seasons,it was found that the second season was significantly lower than the first season. The rutin content in flower bud period of the second season was 27.5%,but the rutin content in flower bud period of the first season reached 36.7%. Therefore,phosphate fertilizer can be supplemented in time at the end of the first season harvest to help promote the flower bud differentiation of P.japonica in the second season.